Scaling up to gain speed
āEthernet-APL is the latest step in Ethernetās transition down the ISA-95 enterprise-control integration stack from Level 3ās manufacturing operations management to Level 0ās production processes," saysĀ Andrew Kravitz, product management director instrument connectivity at Emerson. "Many users have been trying to work with Foundation Fieldbus and other protocols, but theyāre often too complex. This is where Ethernet-APL can help because itās simpler to implement, much like familiar 4-20 mA, and can provide power and intrinsic safety along with communications using two-wire, twisted, shielded-pair cable.ā
However, even though everyone uses Ethernet in their daily lives, Kravitz reports it poses some added challenges in industrial settings. āItās easy enough to set up Ethernet and use web browsers to manage individual components and gain access to their data and diagnostics. However, this process doesnāt scale well for configuring and maintaining hundreds or thousands of devices in industrial settings,ā explains Kravitz. āWe already use Emersonās AMS Device Manager software for bulk configurations and diagnostics, and we believe that Ethernet-APL users will leverage the same tools for automating maintenance work practices faster and without having to do as much retraining.ā
Kravitz reports that traditional 4-20 mA networking has relatively higher latencies because it must go through the usual I/O infrastructure, while Ethernet-APL is faster because it can talk directly to sensors, instruments and other device-level items. These reduced touchpoints and simpler network path also let Ethernet-APL capitalize on its 10 Mbps, compared to fieldbuses like HART that runs far slower at 1.2 kbps. For instance, processes that can benefit from quicker data delivery include radar gauges that take 15 minutes to provide an echo curve with HART can relay one in less than 5 seconds with Ethernet-APL.
Decorate the Ethernet backbone
To transition to Ethernet-APL once switches and other components that support it are available, Kravitz recommends that users develop a thorough plan that lets Ethernet-APL convey both the traditional process signals theyāre used to originating via 4-20 mA, as well as the rich datasets from devices that have been traditionally underutilized in smart process devices. However, if a process application or facility doesnāt already have a regular Ethernet network, it will be necessary to install one before Ethernet-APL devices are deployed in brownfield applications.
āThe key is to have one solution that supports both Ethernet-APL and traditional protocols and signals simultaneously,ā adds Kravitz. āPepperl+Fuchs, Phoenix Contact, R. Stahl and Softing are testing Ethernet-APL switches, and weāre updating our CHARMS modules with a distributed carrier backplane that allows an Ethernet-APL I/O channel alongside the other traditional I/O signals it supports. This Ethernet-APL capable CHARMs solution will be available in the upcoming DeltaV version 16 release timeframe. Today, we have a DeltaV PK controller than can communicate with Ethernet-APL devices through available Ethernet-APL switches.Ā Beyond this, weāre allowing devices to communicate with more than the DCS they usually talk to. This will let intelligent field devices more effectively communicate their own health and maintenance information. Ethernet-APL is better at pulling in this kind of intelligence, which helps users know when to act before faults happen.ā
Despite its speed, Kravitz adds that one drawback to Ethernet-APL is that it hasnāt integrated enough cybersecurity yet because itās not using secured protocols. āEthernet-APL is flexible, but it also must make its connections secure because itās going to be talking to all kinds of devices and systems,ā says Kravitz. āHowever, HART-IP is the only protocol available today thatās natively secure. Profinet and EtherNet/IP arenāt encrypted in field devices today, so their communications arenāt as secure. The good news is Ethernet-APLās four standards development organizations (SDO) are working to add cybersecurity to their respective protocols. For example, while OPC UA is encrypted, it is only utilized at the controller-to-cloud level today, and isnāt used by the sensors and other field devices at Level 0 yet. Ethernet-APL lets controls live alongside monitoring and optimization data, but their connections and communications have to be secure, otherwise those field devices should be isolated, which will cause Ethernet-APL to lose its flexibility and ability to interact with multiple systems.ā
Despite its speed, Kravitz adds that one drawback to Ethernet-APL is that it hasnāt integrated enough cybersecurity yet because itās not using secured protocols. āEthernet-APL is flexible, but it also must make its connections secure because itās going to be talking to all kinds of devices and systems,ā says Kravitz. āHowever, HART-IP is the only protocol available today thatās natively secure. Profinet and EtherNet/IP arenāt encrypted in field devices today, so their communications arenāt as secure. The good news is Ethernet-APLās four standards development organizations (SDO) are working to add cybersecurity to their respective protocols. For example, while OPC UA is encrypted, it is only utilized at the controller-to-cloud level today, and isnāt used by the sensors and other field devices at Level 0 yet. Ethernet-APL lets controls live alongside monitoring and optimization data, but their connections and communications have to be secure, otherwise those field devices should be isolated, which will cause Ethernet-APL to lose its flexibility and ability to interact with multiple systems.ā